2014 Jan 6
Two Faces of Shame: The Roles of Shame and Guilt in Predicting Recidivism
"Abstract
Psychological research using mostly cross-sectional methods calls into question the presumed function of shame as an inhibitor of immoral or illegal behavior. In a longitudinal study of 476 jail inmates, we assessed shame proneness, guilt proneness, and externalization of blame shortly after incarceration. We interviewed participants (N = 332) 1 year after release into the community, and we accessed official arrest records (N = 446). Guilt proneness negatively and directly predicted reoffense in the 1st year after release; shame proneness did not. Further mediational modeling showed that shame proneness positively predicted recidivism via its robust link to externalization of blame. There remained a direct effect of shame on recidivism: Unimpeded by defensive externalization of blame, shame inhibited recidivism. Items assessing a motivation to hide were primarily responsible for this pattern. Overall, our results suggest that the pain of shame may have two faces-one with destructive potential and the other with constructive potential.
KEYWORDS: antisocial behavior, emotions
Psychol Sci. PMID: 24395738"
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24395738
Showing posts with label Guilt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Guilt. Show all posts
Monday, 13 January 2014
Friday, 10 January 2014
Regardless Of The Evidence
10 January 2014
Bias has ‘significant’ effect on verdicts, jury research says
"Jurors should be tested before trials to reduce the effect of prejudices on their understanding of the burden of proof, according to the authors of a study suggesting bias has a ‘significant’ impact on verdicts.
A study, published in the British Psychological Society’s Legal and Criminological Psychology journal, found that pre-trial bias and jurors' understanding of the concept of beyond reasonable doubt have a ‘significant’ impact on the verdict they are likely to deliver in court.
Researchers from Anglia Ruskin University, University of Cambridge and University of Manchester sampled a group of 118 people aged between 19-63 employed by a pharmaceutical company in Cambridge.
Participants were asked to imagine they were serving on a jury in a ficticious burglary trial. They were given details of the charge, the prosecution and defence cases and the judge's instructions on the presumption of innocence.
Looking at the criminal standard of proof to convict - beyond reasonable doubt - the study found that the average threshold required to find someone guilty was a probability of 95%.
It also found that pre-trial attitudes combined with interpretations of beyond reasonable doubt accounted for 37% of the variability in the verdicts, so are an important predictor of how a juror will decide, regardless of the evidence."
http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/bias-has-significant-effect-on-verdicts-jury-research-says/5039295.article
Bias has ‘significant’ effect on verdicts, jury research says
"Jurors should be tested before trials to reduce the effect of prejudices on their understanding of the burden of proof, according to the authors of a study suggesting bias has a ‘significant’ impact on verdicts.
A study, published in the British Psychological Society’s Legal and Criminological Psychology journal, found that pre-trial bias and jurors' understanding of the concept of beyond reasonable doubt have a ‘significant’ impact on the verdict they are likely to deliver in court.
Researchers from Anglia Ruskin University, University of Cambridge and University of Manchester sampled a group of 118 people aged between 19-63 employed by a pharmaceutical company in Cambridge.
Participants were asked to imagine they were serving on a jury in a ficticious burglary trial. They were given details of the charge, the prosecution and defence cases and the judge's instructions on the presumption of innocence.
Looking at the criminal standard of proof to convict - beyond reasonable doubt - the study found that the average threshold required to find someone guilty was a probability of 95%.
It also found that pre-trial attitudes combined with interpretations of beyond reasonable doubt accounted for 37% of the variability in the verdicts, so are an important predictor of how a juror will decide, regardless of the evidence."
http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/bias-has-significant-effect-on-verdicts-jury-research-says/5039295.article
Thursday, 29 August 2013
On The Up
May 2013
Our Reference: FOI 82152
"Freedom of Information Request
You ask for the following information from the Ministry of Justice (MoJ):
1. Figures relating to convictions for offence classification 86.2 (taking, permitting to be taken or making, distributing or publishing indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of children); data from 2007 to 2010 by year
2. Figures relating to convictions for offence classification 86.10 (possession of indecent photograph of a child); data from 2007 to 2010 by year.
Your request has been handled under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA).
I can confirm that the department holds the information that you have asked for, and that I am able to provide this to you.
The number of offenders found guilty at all courts for the requested child pornography offences, in England and Wales, in each year from 2007 to 2010, can be viewed in the attached table." (click to enlarge)
*****
*****
CrimeLine.info®
http://www.crimeline.info
@CrimeLineLaw
https://twitter.com/CrimeLineLaw
https://t.co/HY5ESGsq1O (response - doc)
https://t.co/e6hm1e2n0S (table - xls)
Our Reference: FOI 82152
"Freedom of Information Request
You ask for the following information from the Ministry of Justice (MoJ):
1. Figures relating to convictions for offence classification 86.2 (taking, permitting to be taken or making, distributing or publishing indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of children); data from 2007 to 2010 by year
2. Figures relating to convictions for offence classification 86.10 (possession of indecent photograph of a child); data from 2007 to 2010 by year.
Your request has been handled under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA).
I can confirm that the department holds the information that you have asked for, and that I am able to provide this to you.
The number of offenders found guilty at all courts for the requested child pornography offences, in England and Wales, in each year from 2007 to 2010, can be viewed in the attached table." (click to enlarge)
*****
*****
CrimeLine.info®
http://www.crimeline.info
@CrimeLineLaw
https://twitter.com/CrimeLineLaw
https://t.co/HY5ESGsq1O (response - doc)
https://t.co/e6hm1e2n0S (table - xls)
Thursday, 14 March 2013
The Golden Age Of Victimhood Has Peaked
March 13, 2013
From Stiff Upper Lip to Wobbly Lower Lip in One Generation
"So it is the perpetrators of victimhood, or the holders of that esteemed office, who are key to our new found emotive behaviour. The idea that ‘victimhood’ was to be the prime mover in society can be dated very firmly to the days of New Labour ideology. Jack Straw’s Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act in 1999 established that no longer were our courts objective arbiters of fact where accuser and alleged perpetrator stood face to face; now some victims were too frail, too victimised, too traumatised to be expected to ever set eyes on the author of their misfortune again. The jury must of necessity be influenced by the sight of the witness shielded by curtains from having to set eyes on the suspect again – ‘it’ must have happened, look! they cannot even bear to see them again. Objectivity was taking flight from British justice. No longer just weighing impartial facts, but witnessing the victim’s pain."
"Subjective justice is complete now, the victims go straight to the TV stations, having self-identified their selected niche victimhood, bypassing the police; the public en masse pronounce guilt based on their emotive reaction to the victims ’story’, bypassing the courts; God help them if their bottom lip doesn’t wobble sufficiently, they’ll get no justice, may even wind up being accused of the crime themselves."
http://www.annaraccoon.com/politics/from-stiff-upper-lip-to-wobbly-lower-lip-in-one-generation/
29 March 2013 Last updated at 19:50
Victims' Code criticised by watchdog
"The ombudsman said a code for victims that was not being followed was "of little use"
Victims of crime are being put under extreme duress, leading to injustices, due to a lack of awareness of the Victims' Code by those working in the justice system, a watchdog has warned.
Parliamentary Ombudsman Dame Julie Mellor said investigation of complaints had exposed a lack of understanding.
It came as ministers unveiled plans to revamp the code, which tells people what to expect when reporting a crime.
Victims' minister Helen Grant said "getting this right" was a priority."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21977561
Victims betrayed
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/politics/4867398/Victims-of-crime-ignored-by-the-justice-system.html
From Stiff Upper Lip to Wobbly Lower Lip in One Generation
"So it is the perpetrators of victimhood, or the holders of that esteemed office, who are key to our new found emotive behaviour. The idea that ‘victimhood’ was to be the prime mover in society can be dated very firmly to the days of New Labour ideology. Jack Straw’s Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act in 1999 established that no longer were our courts objective arbiters of fact where accuser and alleged perpetrator stood face to face; now some victims were too frail, too victimised, too traumatised to be expected to ever set eyes on the author of their misfortune again. The jury must of necessity be influenced by the sight of the witness shielded by curtains from having to set eyes on the suspect again – ‘it’ must have happened, look! they cannot even bear to see them again. Objectivity was taking flight from British justice. No longer just weighing impartial facts, but witnessing the victim’s pain."
"Subjective justice is complete now, the victims go straight to the TV stations, having self-identified their selected niche victimhood, bypassing the police; the public en masse pronounce guilt based on their emotive reaction to the victims ’story’, bypassing the courts; God help them if their bottom lip doesn’t wobble sufficiently, they’ll get no justice, may even wind up being accused of the crime themselves."
http://www.annaraccoon.com/politics/from-stiff-upper-lip-to-wobbly-lower-lip-in-one-generation/
29 March 2013 Last updated at 19:50
Victims' Code criticised by watchdog
"The ombudsman said a code for victims that was not being followed was "of little use"
Victims of crime are being put under extreme duress, leading to injustices, due to a lack of awareness of the Victims' Code by those working in the justice system, a watchdog has warned.
Parliamentary Ombudsman Dame Julie Mellor said investigation of complaints had exposed a lack of understanding.
It came as ministers unveiled plans to revamp the code, which tells people what to expect when reporting a crime.
Victims' minister Helen Grant said "getting this right" was a priority."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21977561
Victims betrayed
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/politics/4867398/Victims-of-crime-ignored-by-the-justice-system.html
Wednesday, 7 November 2012
Caution
PUBLISHED: 23:29, 3 November 2012 | UPDATED: 11:00, 5 November 2012
Police cautions lead to a 100-year criminal record that can wreck prospects of getting a job or going to university
"Growing numbers of people are being turned down for jobs and university places because they accepted police cautions for minor offences without realising they would give them a criminal record.
New figures show that cautions showed up on 153,000 Criminal Records Bureau checks carried out last year, allowing employers to stop candidates working with children or in health and social care.
Young people caught shoplifting or taking part in drunken pranks are agreeing to sign the statements in the mistaken belief they will be wiped from databases after a few years, not realising that they remain on file until they turn 100."
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2227522/Police-cautions-lead-100-year-criminal-record-wreck-prospects-getting-job-going-university.html#ixzz2BYlMNohp
Published on Tuesday 6 November 2012 09:39
Fury as dozens of sex offenders let off with cautions
"Dozens of sex offenders and paedophiles [sic] in Lancashire have been let off with cautions, figures have revealed.
Figures obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show Lancashire Police gave out 68 cautions for sex offences in 2011.
Among them, 12 unconditional cautions, two reprimands and three warnings were issued for sexual assaults on a females aged 13 and over.
And one unconditional caution and three warnings were given out to people for sexual assault on females under 13-years-old.
One warning was given for sexual activity involving a child under 13 and a further two unconditional cautions were given for soliciting for the purpose of prostitution.
Figures from 2006 show that two cautions, eight unconditional cautions, one reprimand and six warnings were given out for sexual assault on a female aged 13 and over.
And for sexual assault on a female under 13-years-old there were two unconditional cautions and one warning.
Other figures for 2006 show that there was one unconditional caution for the rape of a female child under 13, one unconditional caution for sexual grooming and two unconditional cautions for soliciting for the purpose of prostitution.
The number of cautions, warnings and reprimands for all offences has reduced overall."
http://www.lep.co.uk/news/local/fury-as-dozens-of-sex-offenders-let-off-with-cautions-1-5096535
CHILD RAPISTS LET OFF WITH POLICE CAUTIONS
http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/363457
Hundreds of sex offenders escape with cautions
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10011210/Hundreds-of-sex-offenders-escape-with-cautions.html
Police hand out 53 warnings [sic] for sexual offences in just one year
http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/greater-manchester-police-issued-53-2997156
60 police cautions for sex offenders in Devon and Cornwall last year
http://www.thisisplymouth.co.uk/60-police-cautions-sex-offenders-Devon-Cornwall/story-18787832-detail/story.html#axzz2ROqgOd5W
Cautions for sex crimes and burglary
http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/local/cautions-for-sex-crimes-and-burglary-1-5073925
ACPO comment on restorative justice and community resolutions
http://www.acpo.presscentre.com/Press-Releases/ACPO-comment-on-restorative-justice-and-community-resolutions-218.aspx
Rape Cautions Issued By Met Police
http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/05/13/rape_met-police-sexual-assault-cautions-_n_3265142.html?utm_hp_ref=uk
Suffolk/Essex: Sex offenders should face court, grieving mum of abuse victim insists
http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/suffolk_essex_sex_offenders_should_face_court_grieving_mum_of_abuse_victim_insists_1_2196530
Sex offenders are among thousands of criminals released with a caution
http://www.worcesternews.co.uk/news/10456755.Caution__Dangerous_criminals_going_free_in_Worcestershire/
http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/news/10456755.Caution__Dangerous_criminals_going_free_in_Worcestershire/
*****
Victims of crime to be given a voice and challenge police
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/10241162/Victims-of-crime-to-be-given-a-voice-and-challenge-police.html
*****
7,000 paedophiles [sic] found guilty... 2,862 of them aren't jailed
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/7000-paedophiles-found-guilty-2862-2180042
Police cautions lead to a 100-year criminal record that can wreck prospects of getting a job or going to university
"Growing numbers of people are being turned down for jobs and university places because they accepted police cautions for minor offences without realising they would give them a criminal record.
New figures show that cautions showed up on 153,000 Criminal Records Bureau checks carried out last year, allowing employers to stop candidates working with children or in health and social care.
Young people caught shoplifting or taking part in drunken pranks are agreeing to sign the statements in the mistaken belief they will be wiped from databases after a few years, not realising that they remain on file until they turn 100."
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2227522/Police-cautions-lead-100-year-criminal-record-wreck-prospects-getting-job-going-university.html#ixzz2BYlMNohp
Published on Tuesday 6 November 2012 09:39
Fury as dozens of sex offenders let off with cautions
"Dozens of sex offenders and paedophiles [sic] in Lancashire have been let off with cautions, figures have revealed.
Figures obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show Lancashire Police gave out 68 cautions for sex offences in 2011.
Among them, 12 unconditional cautions, two reprimands and three warnings were issued for sexual assaults on a females aged 13 and over.
And one unconditional caution and three warnings were given out to people for sexual assault on females under 13-years-old.
One warning was given for sexual activity involving a child under 13 and a further two unconditional cautions were given for soliciting for the purpose of prostitution.
Figures from 2006 show that two cautions, eight unconditional cautions, one reprimand and six warnings were given out for sexual assault on a female aged 13 and over.
And for sexual assault on a female under 13-years-old there were two unconditional cautions and one warning.
Other figures for 2006 show that there was one unconditional caution for the rape of a female child under 13, one unconditional caution for sexual grooming and two unconditional cautions for soliciting for the purpose of prostitution.
The number of cautions, warnings and reprimands for all offences has reduced overall."
http://www.lep.co.uk/news/local/fury-as-dozens-of-sex-offenders-let-off-with-cautions-1-5096535
CHILD RAPISTS LET OFF WITH POLICE CAUTIONS
http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/363457
Hundreds of sex offenders escape with cautions
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10011210/Hundreds-of-sex-offenders-escape-with-cautions.html
Police hand out 53 warnings [sic] for sexual offences in just one year
http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/greater-manchester-police-issued-53-2997156
60 police cautions for sex offenders in Devon and Cornwall last year
http://www.thisisplymouth.co.uk/60-police-cautions-sex-offenders-Devon-Cornwall/story-18787832-detail/story.html#axzz2ROqgOd5W
Cautions for sex crimes and burglary
http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/local/cautions-for-sex-crimes-and-burglary-1-5073925
ACPO comment on restorative justice and community resolutions
http://www.acpo.presscentre.com/Press-Releases/ACPO-comment-on-restorative-justice-and-community-resolutions-218.aspx
Rape Cautions Issued By Met Police
http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/05/13/rape_met-police-sexual-assault-cautions-_n_3265142.html?utm_hp_ref=uk
Suffolk/Essex: Sex offenders should face court, grieving mum of abuse victim insists
http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/suffolk_essex_sex_offenders_should_face_court_grieving_mum_of_abuse_victim_insists_1_2196530
Sex offenders are among thousands of criminals released with a caution
http://www.worcesternews.co.uk/news/10456755.Caution__Dangerous_criminals_going_free_in_Worcestershire/
http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/news/10456755.Caution__Dangerous_criminals_going_free_in_Worcestershire/
*****
Victims of crime to be given a voice and challenge police
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/10241162/Victims-of-crime-to-be-given-a-voice-and-challenge-police.html
*****
7,000 paedophiles [sic] found guilty... 2,862 of them aren't jailed
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/7000-paedophiles-found-guilty-2862-2180042
Sunday, 28 October 2012
Be Careful How You Surf, Now
Thursday, October 25, 2012
Swansea man IB sent to jail for storing [sic] indecent images
""There's no suggestion that the images have been stored and there's no suggestion at all that the images had been distributed to others," said Mr Howells.
"He didn't actively seek out child pornography websites," he added.
Terms of 12 weeks were imposed for each of the seven weeks. They will all run concurrently."
http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/Swansea-man-Ian-Bailey-sent-jail-storing-indecent/story-17176914-detail/story.html
Swansea man IB sent to jail for storing [sic] indecent images
""There's no suggestion that the images have been stored and there's no suggestion at all that the images had been distributed to others," said Mr Howells.
"He didn't actively seek out child pornography websites," he added.
Terms of 12 weeks were imposed for each of the seven weeks. They will all run concurrently."
http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/Swansea-man-Ian-Bailey-sent-jail-storing-indecent/story-17176914-detail/story.html
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